If no personal name is listed as the author, the responsible organization is listed.
According to the American Psychological Association (2020), the Publication Manual is used by both authors and students.
In the second reference, you may use an abbreviation, as long as it is well established or readily apparent. You introduce the abbreviation as follows:
- When the name of the organization is mentioned in the running text, you mention the abbreviation (in round brackets) after the full name of the organization.
The United Nations (UN, 2011) published a report that considered internet access a fundamental human right.
- If the full name of the organization is in round brackets, put the abbreviation in square brackets.
- In the following reference(s), the abbreviation is sufficient.
Internet access is considered a fundamental human right (United Nations [UN], 2011).
- No author or organization
If there is no author or organization, the title is mentioned. If the title is long, it may be shortened to the first few words.
- parenthetical citation:
Orcas living in an unnatural confinement such as SeaWorld may behave violently towards trainers ("Killer whale trainer warns", 2022).
- narrative citation:
In "Killer whale trainer warns" (2022) former orca trainer John Hargrove says that he witnessed violent behaviour by orcas living in an unnatural confinement such as SeaWorld.
Reference list
Killer whale trainer warns captive orca could kill again. (2022, April 5). The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved December 9, 2022,
from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/killer-whale-trainer-warns-captive-orca-could-kill-again/6BAOZPTGN6QTWHTJ3JP3DEL6NA/