List the last name of the author first, followed by the initial(s). Use comma’s to separate an author’s surname and initials.
Author, A. A.
- First name with a dash (hyphen)
For a first name with a hyphen, the hyphen replaces the space, Marie-José becomes:
Geenen, M.-J.
Write prefixes in surnames exactly as presented by the author in the work you are citing. Retain the author’s preferred capitalization.
Van den Berg, G. H.
van der Waal, P. N.
If the work has up to 20 authors, then all of them are listed in the source reference. Put an ampersand (&) before the last author of a work, preceded by a comma.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author C. C.
When there are 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, insert an ellipsis (three dots separated by a space) but no ampersand, and then add the final author’s name.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, Z. Z.
- Group or organization as author
Use the full name of groups and organizations, followed by a period. When the group author is part of a larger organization, mention the larger entity first.
World Health Organization.
The White House, Office of the Press Secretary.
- Unknown author or organization
For a publication whose author is unknown, move the title to the author's position.
When referencing in the text, list the title in italics. A long title may be shortened for the in-text citation. If the title is not italicized in the reference list, use double quotation marks.
In Generalized anxiety disorder (2019)...
("Culture of the United Kingdom", 2022)